なぜ日本は旧正月ではなく「1月1日」に新年を祝うのか?

Why do Japanese people celebrate the New Year on the 1st day of January instead of on the Lunar New Year?

Why do Japanese people celebrate the New Year on the 1st day of January instead of on the Lunar New Year?
日本は古来より神道をはじめとする東洋的な宗教観や文化に根ざした社会であったにもかかわらず、現在では中国や韓国、ベトナムといった他のアジア諸国とは異なり、旧暦ではなく新暦の1月1日に新年を祝う国となっている

Although Japan's society has been rooted in traditional oriental religious views and culture since ancient times, including Shinto Shinto, today's Japanese society is based on Chinese culture. Unlike other Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam, the country celebrates the New Year on January 1st, the first day of the new calendar, rather than the first day of the lunar calendar.

Although Japan's society has been rooted in traditional oriental religious views and culture since ancient times, including Shinto Shinto, today's Japanese society is based on Chinese culture. Unlike other Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam, the country celebrates the New Year on January 1st, the first day of the new calendar, rather than the first day of the lunar calendar.
このような現状について疑問を抱く人も少なくないが、実際には日本でも明治時代以前は旧暦による正月を祝っており、歳神様を迎えるための重要な儀式として、家族や地域社会にとって欠かせない行事であったという

There are many people who have doubts about this current state of affairs, but in fact, as far back as the Meiji period, New Year's Day has been celebrated in Japan according to the lunar calendar, and it is said that it was an indispensable event for families and local communities as an important ritual to welcome the Toshigami and Goddess.

There are many people who have doubts about this current state of affairs, but in fact, as far back as the Meiji period, New Year's Day has been celebrated in Japan according to the lunar calendar, and it is said that it was an indispensable event for families and local communities as an important ritual to welcome the Toshigami and Goddess.
しかし、1872年の明治政府による近代化政策の一環として、従来の太陰暦が廃止され、グレゴリオ暦を基準とする太陽暦が正式に導入された

However, in 1872, as part of the modernization policy of the Meiji government, the traditional lunar calendar was abolished, and the solar calendar, which was based on the Gregorian calendar, was officially introduced.

However, in 1872, as part of the modernization policy of the Meiji government, the traditional lunar calendar was abolished, and the solar calendar, which was based on the Gregorian calendar, was officially introduced.
これは、単なる文化的転換というだけでなく、経済的・社会的な事情を背景にしたものであった

This was not just a case of cultural shift epilepsy, but was also caused by economic and social circumstances.

This was not just a case of cultural shift epilepsy, but was also caused by economic and social circumstances.
たとえば、旧暦においては閏月が挿入されることによって休日が増加し、労働生産性の低下や給与支払いに関する国家財政への負担が大きくなるという問題があった

For example, in the lunar calendar, there were problems such as an increase in holidays due to the insertion of leap months, a decrease in labor productivity, and an increase in the burden on national finances related to salary payments.

For example, in the lunar calendar, there were problems such as an increase in holidays due to the insertion of leap months, a decrease in labor productivity, and an increase in the burden on national finances related to salary payments.
そのため、政府は新暦への統一によって休暇日数を削減し、労働効率の向上および財政健全化を図ろうとしたのである

For this reason, the government attempted to reduce the number of vacation days by unifying the calendar to the new calendar, and sought to improve labor efficiency and costs, as well as improve fiscal health.

For this reason, the government attempted to reduce the number of vacation days by unifying the calendar to the new calendar, and sought to improve labor efficiency and costs, as well as improve fiscal health.
さらに、当時の日本は西洋列強による植民地化の脅威に直面しており、国際社会での生存と独立を維持するためには、近代国家として西洋諸国と同等の制度や文化を採用する必要があるとの認識が広がっていた

Furthermore, at that time, Japan was constantly facing the threat of colonization by Western powers, and was struggling to survive in the face of international society and achieve independence. There was widespread recognition that in order to maintain the state of modernity, it was necessary for a modern nation to adopt institutions and cultures on a par with those of Western countries.

Furthermore, at that time, Japan was constantly facing the threat of colonization by Western powers, and was struggling to survive in the face of international society and achieve independence. There was widespread recognition that in order to maintain the state of modernity, it was necessary for a modern nation to adopt institutions and cultures on a par with those of Western countries.
暦の変更や新暦正月の導入は、単なる日付の問題にとどまらず、脱アジア・近代化の象徴的な政策であったといえる

The changes in the calendar and the introduction of the New Year's Shinreki ginger were not just a matter of fixing the date, but were also the result of simple policies that symbolized Asia's departure from modernization.

The changes in the calendar and the introduction of the New Year's Shinreki ginger were not just a matter of fixing the date, but were also the result of simple policies that symbolized Asia's departure from modernization.
とはいうものの、日本独自の正月文化が失われたわけではない

However, this does not mean that Japan's unique New Year ginger culture of lottery has been lost.

However, this does not mean that Japan's unique New Year ginger culture of lottery has been lost.
祝う日付が新暦に移行したとはいえ、年末の大掃除や門松・しめ飾り、餅やおせち料理、除夜の鐘、初詣、お年玉、年賀状といった伝統的な風習は今なお受け継がれている

Although the date of celebration has shifted to the new calendar, there are still many things to do such as year-end cleaning, kadomatsu kadomatsu, shimekazari decorations, mochi rice cakes, and new year dishes. Traditional customs such as New Year's Eve bell, New Year's visit to the New Year's shrine, Otoshidama, and New Year's cards are still passed down from generation to generation.

Although the date of celebration has shifted to the new calendar, there are still many things to do such as year-end cleaning, kadomatsu kadomatsu, shimekazari decorations, mochi rice cakes, and new year dishes. Traditional customs such as New Year's Eve bell, New Year's visit to the New Year's shrine, Otoshidama, and New Year's cards are still passed down from generation to generation.
近年では、沖縄や奄美地方など一部地域で旧暦の正月行事が残存しているのみならず、梅や桜が咲き始める「本来の春」に近い旧正月への再評価の動きも見られ、伝統文化への関心が再び高まりつつあることは注目に値する

In recent years, in some parts of Kinnen, such as Okinawa Okinawa and Amamichiho in the Amami region, the New Year ginger festival of the lunar calendar has not only survived, but also plum blossoms and cherry blossoms have begun to bloom. As we approach the start of spring, we can see signs of a reappraisal of the Lunar New Year, and it is worthy of attention that interest in traditional culture is once again on the rise.

In recent years, in some parts of Kinnen, such as Okinawa Okinawa and Amamichiho in the Amami region, the New Year ginger festival of the lunar calendar has not only survived, but also plum blossoms and cherry blossoms have begun to bloom. As we approach the start of spring, we can see signs of a reappraisal of the Lunar New Year, and it is worthy of attention that interest in traditional culture is once again on the rise.