1. from; since (a word indicating the starting point of time, range, or direction)
E.g.: 以来 (since), 以往 (formerly), 以内 (within), 以上 (above), 以西 (west of)
2. reason; cause
3. with; by means of; through (a word indicating purpose, means, or cause)
E.g.: 以心伝心 (telepathy)
4. to use; to do by means of
5. to think; in one’s opinion
