人と自然が一緒に生きる：森林を守る考え方の変化
People and everyone live together in nature: Will there be a change in the way we consider protecting forests?
People and everyone live together in nature: Will there be a change in the way we consider protecting forests?
世界では、森林や自然を守ることへの関心が高まっている
In the world, interest in protecting forests and natural environments is growing.
In the world, interest in protecting forests and natural environments is growing.
最初の考え方は「人間のために自然を守る」というものであった
The initial idea was to ``protect nature for the sake of humanity.''
The initial idea was to ``protect nature for the sake of humanity.''
つまり、人間の生活や未来のために森林を維持することが大切だという考えである
In other words, the idea is that it is important to maintain forest health for the sake of human life and the future.
In other words, the idea is that it is important to maintain forest health for the sake of human life and the future.
しかし、この考え方には多くの問題があった
However, there were many problems with how to think about this.
However, there were many problems with how to think about this.
先ず、「人間のための森林保護」という考え方では、「人間のための開発」も正しいと考えられてしまう
First of all, if we think of ``forest protection for humankind'' as a way of thinking, then we can also think that ``development for humankind'' is also correct.
First of all, if we think of ``forest protection for humankind'' as a way of thinking, then we can also think that ``development for humankind'' is also correct.
同じ「人間のため」という理由で、自然を守る人と開発を進める人の意見がぶつかり、どちらが正しいとは言えなくなるからである
For the same reason, ``for the sake of humanity'', the opinions of those who protect nature and those who promote development clash, and it becomes impossible to say which is correct.
For the same reason, ``for the sake of humanity'', the opinions of those who protect nature and those who promote development clash, and it becomes impossible to say which is correct.
次に、「人間のため」といっても、何が人間のためになるかは人によって違う
Next, even if we say for the sake of humanity, what is meant for the benefit of humanity differs from person to person.
Next, even if we say for the sake of humanity, what is meant for the benefit of humanity differs from person to person.
たとえば、農村で暮らす人と都市で暮らす人では、自然に対する考え方が異なる
For example, people who live in rural areas and people who live in cities have different ways of thinking about nature.
For example, people who live in rural areas and people who live in cities have different ways of thinking about nature.
同じ山村でも、林業をしている人とそうでない人とでは意見が違う
Even with Yamamura, opinions differ between people who work in forestry and people who are not.
Even with Yamamura, opinions differ between people who work in forestry and people who are not.
人と森の関係は様々であり、「どんな保護が人間のためになるのか」という問いに一つの答えはない
更に、「人間のため」という考えをもつと、「人間の役に立たない自然は守らなくてもいい」と考える人も出てくる可能性がある
このような問題のため、「人間中心の自然保護」は多くの批判を受け、次第に力を失っていった
その後、「自然中心の考え方」が生まれた
この考えでは、自然は人間のためになるかどうかに関係なく、自然そのものに生きる権利があるとする
原生林のように人の手がほとんど入っていない自然には合うが、人と自然が長い時間をかけて共に生きてきた日本のような国では、説明が十分ではない
たとえば昔の農村では、人々は生活を守るために「里山」と呼ばれる森を作った
それは人の手が加えられた自然であり、人と自然が共に生きる形であった
このように、自然と人間の関係は一方的ではなく、互いに支え合って成り立っているのである
人と自然が一緒に生きる：森林を守る考え方の変化
People and nature live together. A change in how we think on protecting the forests.
People and nature live together. A change in how we think on protecting the forests.
世界では、森林や自然を守ることへの関心が高まっている
In the world, there are rising concerns on protecting the forests and natural enviroments.
In the world, there are rising concerns on protecting the forests and natural enviroments.
最初の考え方は「人間のために自然を守る」というものであった
The first way of thinking was that "We must protect nature for the sake of humanity".
The first way of thinking was that "We must protect nature for the sake of humanity".
つまり、人間の生活や未来のために森林を維持することが大切だという考えである
In other words, the thought is that it is important to preserve the forests for the sake of humanity and its future.
In other words, the thought is that it is important to preserve the forests for the sake of humanity and its future.
しかし、この考え方には多くの問題があった
However, this way of thinking has many problems.
However, this way of thinking has many problems.
先ず、「人間のための森林保護」という考え方では、「人間のための開発」も正しいと考えられてしまう
First, it was thought that "we must preserve the forest for the sake of humans", then it is correct to also think that "We must develop for the sake of humanity."
First, it was thought that "we must preserve the forest for the sake of humans", then it is correct to also think that "We must develop for the sake of humanity."
同じ「人間のため」という理由で、自然を守る人と開発を進める人の意見がぶつかり、どちらが正しいとは言えなくなるからである
For this same reason "for the sake of humanity," there has been a clash of opinion of people who want to protect nature and people who want to continue developing nature, it can not be said on which is correct.
For this same reason "for the sake of humanity," there has been a clash of opinion of people who want to protect nature and people who want to continue developing nature, it can not be said on which is correct.
次に、「人間のため」といっても、何が人間のためになるかは人によって違う
Next, even though it is said "for the sake of humanity", what a person needs differs depending on the person.
Next, even though it is said "for the sake of humanity", what a person needs differs depending on the person.
たとえば、農村で暮らす人と都市で暮らす人では、自然に対する考え方が異なる
For example, people who live in farming villages and people who live in the cities will have a different way of thinking towards nature.
For example, people who live in farming villages and people who live in the cities will have a different way of thinking towards nature.
同じ山村でも、林業をしている人とそうでない人とでは意見が違う
Even within the same mountain village, there are different opinions among people who deal with forestry and those who do not.
Even within the same mountain village, there are different opinions among people who deal with forestry and those who do not.
人と森の関係は様々であり、「どんな保護が人間のためになるのか」という問いに一つの答えはない
There are many diverse relations between people and the forest but there is no one answer to the question of "What kind of protection is best for humanity".
There are many diverse relations between people and the forest but there is no one answer to the question of "What kind of protection is best for humanity".
更に、「人間のため」という考えをもつと、「人間の役に立たない自然は守らなくてもいい」と考える人も出てくる可能性がある
Furthermore, if you have the thought of "for the sake of humanity", there is a possibility that there are also people who think that "it is better not to protect the forest because it is not useful to humans".
Furthermore, if you have the thought of "for the sake of humanity", there is a possibility that there are also people who think that "it is better not to protect the forest because it is not useful to humans".
このような問題のため、「人間中心の自然保護」は多くの批判を受け、次第に力を失っていった
Due to problems like this, "Human-centered forest conservation" has received a lot of criticism and lost its power.
Due to problems like this, "Human-centered forest conservation" has received a lot of criticism and lost its power.
その後、「自然中心の考え方」が生まれた
After that,"nature-centered thinking" was born.
After that,"nature-centered thinking" was born.
この考えでは、自然は人間のためになるかどうかに関係なく、自然そのものに生きる権利があるとする
This concept is that nature has a right to live regardless of whether or not it is beneficial to humanity.
This concept is that nature has a right to live regardless of whether or not it is beneficial to humanity.
しかし、この理論にも限界がある
However, that theory also has its limits.
However, that theory also has its limits.
原生林のように人の手がほとんど入っていない自然には合うが、人と自然が長い時間をかけて共に生きてきた日本のような国では、説明が十分ではない
The theory matches nature environments that have not been touched by humans but this is not a sufficient explanation for countries like Japan where humanity and nature has lived alongside for a long time.
The theory matches nature environments that have not been touched by humans but this is not a sufficient explanation for countries like Japan where humanity and nature has lived alongside for a long time.
たとえば昔の農村では、人々は生活を守るために「里山」と呼ばれる森を作った
For example, in rural communities long ago, the people created forests called Satoyama to protect their way of life.
For example, in rural communities long ago, the people created forests called Satoyama to protect their way of life.
それは人の手が加えられた自然であり、人と自然が共に生きる形であった
That was nature changed by human hands and a way for people and nature to live alongside one another.
That was nature changed by human hands and a way for people and nature to live alongside one another.
このように、自然と人間の関係は一方的ではなく、互いに支え合って成り立っているのである
In this way, nature and humans support one another and it is not just a one-sided relationship.
In this way, nature and humans support one another and it is not just a one-sided relationship.
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