国が
生活保護の
支給額を2013
年から
段階的に
引き下げたことについて、
最高裁判所は「
厚生労働大臣の
判断に
誤りがあり、
違法だった」として
処分を
取り消す判決を
言い渡しました。
The Supreme Court has ruled to revoke the governments decision to gradually reduce the amount of welfare benefits since 2013, stating that the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare made an error in judgment, and it was illegal.
同様の裁判は全国で相次いで起こされていて、統一的な判断が示された形です。
Similar lawsuits have been filed one after another across the country, and a unified decision has now been presented.
原告側は、減額された分をさかのぼって支給するよう求めていて、およそ200万人とされる当時の受給者への国の対応が焦点となります。
The plaintiffs are demanding that the reduced amounts be paid retroactively, and the governments response to the approximately two million recipients at the time is expected to be the main focus.
厚生労働省が2013年から3年にわたり、物価の下落を反映するなどとして生活保護の支給額を最大で10%引き下げたことについて、全国の受給者は「健康で文化的な最低限度の生活を守るという法律に違反している」などとして取り消しを求める訴えを30件あまり起こしました。
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reduced the amount of welfare benefits by up to 10% over a period of three years starting in 2013, citing factors such as reflecting the decline in prices. In response, welfare recipients across the country filed more than 30 lawsuits seeking to overturn the decision, claiming that it violates the law which guarantees the right to maintain a minimum standard of wholesome and cultured living.
このうち名古屋と大阪の裁判について、最高裁判所第3小法廷の宇賀克也裁判長は「デフレ調整で物価の変動率だけを直接の指標にした厚生労働大臣の判断には専門的な知識と整合性を欠くところがあり、その手続きは誤りで、違法だった」として処分を取り消す判決を言い渡しました。
Regarding the trials in Nagoya and Osaka, Chief Justice Katsuya Uga of the Supreme Court’s Third Petty Bench stated, “The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare’s decision, which used only the rate of price fluctuation as a direct indicator for deflation adjustment, lacked expert knowledge and consistency. The procedure was erroneous and illegal.” He handed down a ruling to overturn the disposition.
国が定めた生活保護の基準額について、最高裁が違法と判断したのは初めてです。
This is the first time the Supreme Court has ruled that the national standard amount for welfare benefits is illegal.
一方、国に賠償を求める訴えは退けました。
On the other hand, the lawsuit seeking compensation from the government was dismissed.
同様の裁判は全国で相次いで起こされ、各地の裁判所で審理が続いていて、統一的な判断が示された形です。
Similar lawsuits have been filed one after another across the country, and hearings are ongoing at courts in various regions, so this represents a unified decision.
原告側は、減額された分をさかのぼって支給するよう求めていて、およそ200万人とされる当時の受給者への国の対応が焦点となります。
The plaintiffs are demanding that the reduced amounts be paid retroactively, and the governments response to the approximately two million recipients at the time is expected to be the main focus.
原告ら 「勝訴」などの紙を掲げる
最高裁判所の前では判決を受けて原告と弁護団が「勝訴」や「保護費引き下げの違法性認める」、「司法は生きていた」などと書いた紙を掲げました。
In front of the Supreme Court, where the plaintiffs held up papers reading Victory and other messages, the plaintiffs and their legal team displayed papers with phrases such as Victory, Recognizing the illegality of the reduction in welfare benefits, and The judiciary is alive after receiving the verdict.
集まった支援者は、拍手をして「おめでとう」などと声をかけていました。
The supporters who had gathered applauded and called out things like Congratulations.
林官房長官「内容を十分精査し 適切に対応」
林官房長官は27日午後の記者会見で「先ほど判決が言い渡されたばかりであり、今後、判決内容を十分精査し、適切に対応していく考えだ」と述べました。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Hayashi said, The verdict was just handed down a short while ago, so we will thoroughly examine the contents of the ruling and respond appropriately, at a press conference on the afternoon of the 27th.
【Q&A】生活保護費どうやって決める?裁判の争点は?
生活保護とは、そもそもどのような制度で、今回の裁判でなにが争点となっているのか、まとめました。
[Q&A] How is welfare assistance determined? What are the main points of contention in the lawsuit? Here is a summary of what welfare assistance is and what the main issues are in the current trial.
Q。生活保護はどういう制度?
A。What kind of system is welfare assistance?
憲法が保障する「健康で文化的な最低限度の生活」を守るため、生活に困った人たちに国が必要な支援を行い、自立を助ける制度です。
In order to protect the “minimum standard of wholesome and cultured living” guaranteed by the Constitution, this system provides necessary support from the government to people who are struggling in their daily lives and helps them become self-reliant.
対象は、ただちに活用できる資産がなく、仕事がない、または仕事をしても必要な生活費を得られない、年金や手当などの社会保障を活用しても生活費が足りない人たちです。
The target is people who do not have any immediately available assets, have no job or cannot earn enough to cover necessary living expenses even if they work, and cannot make ends meet even with social security such as pensions or allowances.
最新の統計では、ことし3月時点でおよそ164万世帯、およそ200万人が受給しています。
According to the latest statistics, as of March this year, approximately 1.64 million households, or about 2 million people, are receiving benefits.
今年度の予算の総額はおよそ3兆7000億円で、国が4分の3、地方自治体が4分の1を負担します。
The total budget for this fiscal year is approximately 3.7 trillion yen, with the national government covering three-fourths and local governments covering one-fourth.
Q。1世帯あたり、どれぐらいの額が支給されているのか?
A。How much is being paid to each household?
世帯の状況によって異なります。
It depends on the household situation.
支給される「
保護費」の
内訳は、
食費や
洋服代、
光熱費など生活費にあてる
生活扶助や、
家賃にあてる
住宅扶助、
医療扶助や
葬祭扶助など8
種類あります。
The breakdown of the welfare benefits provided includes eight types, such as livelihood assistance for daily expenses like food, clothing, and utilities, housing assistance for rent, as well as medical assistance and funeral assistance.
このうち、今回の裁判で争われている生活扶助は、保護を受ける人の年齢や世帯の人数、暮らしている地域などで細かく分類したうえで基準額が定められています。
Of these, the livelihood assistance being disputed in this trial has its standard amount determined in detail according to factors such as the recipients age, the number of people in the household, and the region where they live.
この基準額は、専門家による厚生労働省の部会で5年に1度、一般の所得が低い世帯の生活にかかる費用を比較するなどして消費の実態とかけ離れていないか検証されます。
This standard amount is reviewed once every five years by a panel of experts at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, where they examine whether it accurately reflects actual consumption by comparing the living expenses of households with lower incomes.
そして、部会の報告を受けた厚生労働大臣が、最終的には経済の情勢などを踏まえて、新たな基準額を決めることになっています。
And then, after receiving the report from the subcommittee, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare will ultimately decide on the new standard amount, taking into account the state of the economy and other factors.
ことし10月以降の生活扶助の基準額は、例えば東京23区の場合、3歳から5歳の子どもが1人いる30代の夫婦で15万3400円、75歳の単身の高齢者世帯で7万1900円です。
From October this year onward, for example in Tokyo’s 23 wards, the standard amount for livelihood assistance will be 153,400 yen for a couple in their 30s with one child aged 3 to 5, and 71,900 yen for a single elderly household aged 75.
年金などの収入がこれらの基準額を基にした生活費を下回った場合、差額が「保護費」として支給されます。
If your income from pensions and other sources falls below the standard living expenses based on these criteria, the difference will be provided as assistance benefits.
Q。今回、およそ30件も裁判が起こされたのはなぜ?
A。Why were about 30 lawsuits filed this time?
これまでにない方法で生活扶助の基準額が大幅に引き下げられたからです。
Because the standard amount for livelihood assistance has been drastically reduced in an unprecedented way.
今回の裁判で争われているのは、2013年に厚生労働大臣が決めた生活扶助の基準額です。
What is being disputed in this trial is the standard amount for livelihood assistance determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2013.
専門家による部会が消費の実態に基づき検証した結果を踏まえておよそ90億円、当時の物価の下落を踏まえた「デフレ調整」としておよそ580億円を、それぞれ削減するという内容でした。
Based on the results verified by an expert committee according to actual consumption conditions, approximately 9 billion yen was to be reduced, and taking into account the price decline at that time, about 58 billion yen was to be cut as a deflation adjustment.
この「デフレ調整」には、厚生労働省が物価の動向をもとに算出した「生活扶助相当CPI」という独自の指数が使われました。
This deflation adjustment used a unique index called the livelihood assistance equivalent CPI, which was calculated by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare based on price trends.
この指数は専門家の部会で検証されたものではなく、指数に基づくと物価の下落率はマイナス4。
This index has not been verified by an expert committee, and according to the index, the rate of price decline is minus 4.
78%となり、
総務省の
消費者物価指数の(ー2。
It became 78%, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications’ Consumer Price Index -2
35%)2
倍近い下げ幅となりました。
It dropped by nearly twice as much 35%.
独自の指数を使用したことが大幅な減額の要因となり、原告は「不当だ」として相次いで裁判を起こしました。
The use of a unique index was a major factor in the significant reduction, and the plaintiffs have filed a series of lawsuits claiming it is unfair.
Q。裁判の争点は?
A。What is the point of contention in the trial? A
厚生労働省が行った引き下げが「健康で文化的な最低限度の生活」を守るという法律に違反したどうかが大きな争点になりました。
The main point of contention was whether the reduction made by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare violated the law that protects the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living.
原告側は「そもそも物価指数を用いて生活扶助を見直す手法は過去にとられたことがない。
The plaintiffs side argues, In the first place, the method of reviewing livelihood assistance using the price index has never been adopted in the past.
重大な
変更にもかかわらず、
専門家の
検討や
検証も
行われていない」と
主張しました。
Despite the significant changes, no expert review or verification has been conducted, they claimed.
厚生労働省の独自の計算方法については「生活保護世帯があまり購入していないパソコンやテレビの価格の下落が大きく反映され、実態とかけ離れていた」などとして違法だとしました。
Regarding the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfares unique calculation method, it was deemed illegal on the grounds that the significant drop in prices of items such as personal computers and televisions, which are not frequently purchased by households receiving welfare, was heavily reflected, making it far removed from reality.
一方、国は「当時、世界的な金融危機の影響で国民の生活水準が大きく低下するなか、生活保護の水準は据え置かれ、不均衡になっていた。
On the other hand, the government stated, At that time, as the global financial crisis caused a significant decline in the standard of living for the public, the level of welfare benefits remained unchanged, resulting in an imbalance.
その不均衡を
是正するためデフレ
調整をした」と
反論しました。
I responded by saying, We made deflation adjustments to correct that imbalance.
独自の計算方法については「見直しにあたって専門機関に意見を求めなければいけないという法令上の決まりはない。
Regarding the unique calculation method, there is no legal requirement to seek the opinion of a specialized agency when reviewing it.
大臣には
極めて広い権限があり、
裁量の
範囲内で
行った」としました。
The minister has extremely broad authority and stated that the actions were taken within the scope of their discretion.
また、当時の手続きでは住んでいる地域や年齢、家族の数によっては額が増える世帯もありましたが、厚生労働省は世帯間のバランスを取る「ゆがみ調整」として、額が増える世帯も、減る世帯もその幅を一律に2分の1にする処理を独自に行いました。
Also, under the procedures at that time, there were households whose amounts increased depending on the area they lived in, their age, and the number of family members. However, as a distortion adjustment to balance differences between households, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare independently implemented a process that uniformly halved the increase or decrease for all households.
この処理が適切だったかどうかも争点になりました。
Whether or not this process was appropriate also became a point of contention.
Q。これまでの裁判所の判断は?
A。What have the courts decided so far?
全国で起こされている31件の裁判のうち、12件で高等裁判所の判決が言い渡されていて、このうち7件は引き下げは違法だとして取り消しが認められ、5件は違法ではないとして訴えが退けられました。
Of the 31 lawsuits filed nationwide, rulings have been handed down by the high courts in 12 cases. Of these, the reduction was deemed illegal and overturned in 7 cases, while in 5 cases the lawsuits were dismissed on the grounds that the reduction was not illegal.
おととし11月の名古屋高等裁判所の判決では「厚生労働省が行った『デフレ調整』などは、統計などの客観的な数値との合理性が十分に図られていないほか、専門的な知識とも整合性を欠く。
In the ruling by the Nagoya High Court in November the year before last, it was stated that the deflation adjustment and other measures taken by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare were not sufficiently rational in relation to objective figures such as statistics, and also lacked consistency with expert knowledge.
裁量の
範囲を
逸脱していることは
明らかで、
生活保護法に
違反し、
違法な
対応だった」として
引き下げを
取り消し、
国に対し、
原告に1
人あたり1
万円の
慰謝料を
支払うよう
命じました。
It was clearly beyond the scope of discretion, violated the Public Assistance Act, and was an illegal action. Therefore, the reduction was revoked, and the government was ordered to pay each plaintiff 10,000 yen in compensation for emotional distress.
一方、大阪高等裁判所はおととし4月「生活保護法では専門家で作る基準部会などの検証を要件とはしていない。
On the other hand, in April the year before last, the Osaka High Court stated, The Public Assistance Act does not require verification by an expert standards committee or similar body as a condition.
厚生労働大臣の
判断に
不合理な
点はなく、
見直し後の
基準が
健康で
文化的な
生活を
維持するのに
十分ではないとは
言えない」
などとして
訴えを
退ける判決を
言い渡しました。
The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfares decision was not unreasonable, and it cannot be said that the revised standards are insufficient to maintain a healthy and cultured life, the ruling stated, dismissing the lawsuit.
Q。最高裁判決の影響は?
A。What is the impact of the Supreme Court ruling? A
今回審理されているのは名古屋と大阪の2件ですが、判決は全国で起こされている同種の裁判に影響することになります。
The two cases currently being heard are in Nagoya and Osaka, but the verdict will affect similar lawsuits being filed across the country.
また、引き下げを違法とする判決が出た場合、受給者は当時、正当な額をもらえていなかったということになります。
If a ruling is made that the reduction was illegal, it would mean that the recipients were not receiving the proper amount at that time.
当時の受給者はおよそ200万人で、補償の問題になる可能性があります。
At that time, there were about 2 million recipients, which could potentially become an issue regarding compensation.